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Al-Muqawqis is mentioned in Islamic history as a ruler of Egypt

He is widely identified as the last prefect of Egypt.

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Al-Abwā'  is a Hejazi village between Mecca and Medina belonging to the area of Rabigh, on the western coast of Saudi Arabia.

The Islamic Prophet Muhammad entered it before the Battle of Badr, in 2 Safar A.H.

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9th of Dhu'l-Hijjah: This is the Day of Arafat.

. After performing the dawn (Fajr) prayer at Mina, leave for Arafat on the morning of the 9th of Dhu'l-Hijjah.

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Pharaoh changes his mind and gives chase until he corners the fugitives at the Red Sea, whereupon Moses, at God's command, causes the waters to part so that the Israelites can pass safely across

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Al-Mubāhala verse is verse 61 of Chapter 3 of the Holy Qur'an (Sura Al 'Imran) which is about the Prophet's (s) encounter with Christians of Najran.

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According to the Book of Exodus in the Torah, the Ten Commandments were revealed to Moses at Mount Sinai, told by Moses to the Israelites in Exodus 19:25 and inscribed by the finger of God on two tablets of stone.

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When the two men left the cave, Asma tied the goods with the two belts of her cover, and for this ingenuity she received from Muhammad the title Dhat an-Nitaqayn, meaning "She of the Two Belts". She was married to Zubayr ibn al-Awwam shortly before the Hijra.

Explanation

Q.  Discuss the Holy Prophet’s ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ( Role as a Model for Military Strategy. (20 marks )

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) exemplified a remarkable model of military strategy that combined wisdom, ethics, and tactical brilliance. Here are some key points:

1. Strategic Patience and Diplomacy:

   The Prophet (ﷺ) often prioritized peaceful resolutions, using treaties like the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah to secure peace and strategically strengthen Muslim influence.

2. Intelligence and Planning:

   He emphasized thorough intelligence gathering, often dispatching scouts to assess enemy strength and positioning before engaging in battle.

3. Innovative Tactics:

   In battles like Badr and Khandaq, the Prophet (ﷺ) introduced unique tactics, such as positioning near water sources and utilizing trench warfare, which surprised and weakened the enemy.

4. Moral Conduct in Warfare:

   He established ethical guidelines, forbidding harm to non-combatants, destruction of property, and cruelty, ensuring that military conduct remained humane and just.

5. Motivational Leadership:

   The Prophet (ﷺ) led by example on the battlefield, inspiring courage and unity among his soldiers, thereby strengthening morale and discipline.

6. Flexibility and Adaptability:

   He adapted his strategies based on the situation, as seen in the varying tactics of the battles of Uhud, Badr, and Hunayn, demonstrating a flexible approach to warfare.

7. Unity and Cohesion:

   Emphasizing brotherhood, he fostered unity among diverse tribes, creating a cohesive and loyal army dedicated to the cause.