Explanation

The P generation refers to the parental generation in a genetic cross.

These individuals are considered "pure-breeding," meaning they have homozygous genotypes for a particular trait, and therefore exhibit that trait without any variation. 

Explanation

The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system and produces thyroid hormones,

which deficiency can cause goiter disease.

Cells producing thyroid hormones extract and absorb iodine from the blood and incorporate them into the thyroid hormones.

Explanation

Systematic sampling technique is the technique which is generally followed when the population is finite.

Explanation

An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude or height of an aircraft above the ground or sea level.

• Tachometer: Measures the rotation speed of an engine, typically in revolutions per minute (RPM).
• Hydrometer: Measures the density or specific gravity of liquids, commonly used for checking the concentration of solutions.

Explanation

If the activation energy is increased, the rate of reaction decreases. 

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to overcome the energy barrier and proceed to form products.

A higher activation energy means that fewer molecules have the necessary energy to react, resulting in a slower reaction rate.

Conversely, a lower activation energy means more molecules can overcome the barrier and react faster. 

Explanation

The wildlife of Pakistan comprises a diverse flora and fauna in a wide range of habitats from sea level to high elevation areas in the mountains, including

195 species of mammals (including 13 subspecies),

Endemic Species: 6

Number of orders: 10

668 bird species

More than 5000 species of Invertebrates

Explanation

According to the law of recurrence in developmental psychology,

The direction of human development generally follows a pattern from middle to outer.

This means that development typically starts from the central parts of the body and moves towards the extremities.

Explanation

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance,

It is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring;

Either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

Explanation

• If a reaction rate does not change with concentration, then it is Zero order.
• In zero-order reactions, the rate is constant and independent of the concentration of the reactants.
• It means that changes in concentration do not affect the reaction rate.

Explanation

A biological species is a group of organisms

that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring.

**

ND17-1-2023