Explanation

Interstitial keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea's stroma

It is indeed commonly associated with syphilis

Explanation

Vitamins play a crucial role in protecting us from many diseases, such as:

• Vitamin C: boosts immune system, fights off infections
• Vitamin D: essential for bone health, prevents rickets and osteomalacia
• Vitamin E: acts as an antioxidant, protects cells from damage
• Vitamin K: necessary for blood clotting, prevents bleeding disorders

Explanation

• The ribcage, also known as the thoracic cage.
• It is a bony structure that encloses and protects the lungs, heart, and other organs in the thoracic cavity.
• It is composed of 24 ribs, the sternum (breastbone), and the 12 thoracic vertebrae.

Explanation

The side effect of acute hypoxia or its compensatory changes is Hypercapnic cerebral vasoconstriction

Acute hypoxia can lead to hypercapnia (elevated carbon dioxide levels) due to hypoventilation.

Hypercapnia can cause cerebral vasodilation initially

But over time, it triggers compensatory cerebral vasoconstriction to maintain cerebral blood flow.

Explanation

The junction of the cornea and sclera is known as the "limbus."

This region marks the transition between the transparent cornea at the front of the eye and the opaque sclera that forms the white outer layer of the eyeball.

It is an important anatomical landmark

They play a role in various eye functions, including:

• the attachment of the iris 
• the drainage of aqueous humor from the eye.
  

Explanation

The familial cancer syndrome that exhibits autosomal recessive inheritance among the options listed is "Fanconi's anemia."

It is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and physical abnormalities.

It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the disorder.

The other syndromes listed—ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom's syndrome, Wilson's tumor, and xeroderma pigmentosa

typically exhibit autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant inheritance patterns

Explanation

• The syncytial theory, also known as the "syncytial hypothesis," proposes that metazoa (multicellular animals) evolved from a single, giant cell or syncytium.
• According to this theory, the first metazoan was a large, multinucleate cell that eventually gave rise to multiple cells, leading to the development of multicellularity.

Explanation

• In protein synthesis, the initiation of a polypeptide chain is typically started by an amino acid called methionine (Met).
• This is because methionine has a special tRNA (transfer RNA) that recognizes the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA (messenger RNA) and initiates protein synthesis.

Explanation

• Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it is specifically associated with the presence of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
• LPS is a complex molecule composed of a lipid A anchor, a core oligosaccharide, and a repeating O-antigen polysaccharide chain. 
• The lipid A portion of LPS is responsible for its endotoxic activity, which can trigger a strong immune response and cause septic shock.

Explanation

The major component of the troposphere is nitrogen, which makes up about 78% of the air in this layer

The troposphere also contains a significant amount of oxygen (around 21%)

Smaller amounts of other gases like argon, water vapor, and carbon dioxide.