Explanation

In an open circulatory system, blood bathes the tissues directly, flowing through spaces among tissues, such as sinuses or lacunae. This type of circulation is found in:

• Invertebrates like insects, mollusks, and crustaceans
• Some lower vertebrates like fish and amphibians

Explanation

• The correct sequence of classifying an organism is: Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
• This sequence is known as the taxonomic hierarchy or Linnaean system, developed by Carl Linnaeus.
• It categorizes living things from most general (Kingdom) to most specific (Species).

Explanation

• A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon or a problem that can be tested through scientific investigation.
• It is a educated guess that provides a possible answer to a question or problem.
• A hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable, meaning that it can be proven or disproven through experimentation or data collection.

Explanation

• Quantitative observation involves the use of instruments, tools, or equipment to measure and collect numerical data about the world.
• This approach focuses on quantifying properties, such as length, mass, temperature, or time, to describe phenomena accurately.

Examples of equipment used in quantitative observation include:

• Thermometers
• Spectrophotometers
• Microscopes
• Telescopes
• Stopwatches
• Balances

Explanation

Microscopes are instruments designed to produce magnified visual images of small objects or samples.

It allowing us to see details that are not visible to the naked eye.

Explanation

Homologous structures are those that have different functions (physiology) but share similar internal architecture or morphology, indicating a common evolutionary origin.

Examples include:

• Forelimbs of vertebrates (e.g., human arms, bird wings, whale flippers)
• Pelvic bones of different mammals

Explanation

• The light-dependent reactions (also known as the Hill reaction) occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.
• Thylakoids are specialized membranous structures found in chloroplasts, where light energy is absorbed and converted into ATP and NADPH.

Explanation

The sun is the ultimate source of energy for our planet, providing energy through solar radiation.

This energy is then converted into various forms, such as:

• Thermal energy (heat)
• Kinetic energy (wind, water currents)
• Electrical energy (generated from solar panels)
• Chemical energy (fossil fuels, biomass)
• Biological energy (food chains, ecosystems)

Explanation

Fungi are achlorophyllous, meaning they lack chlorophyll and are unable to photosynthesize.

Instead, they are absorptive living organisms, obtaining their nutrients by breaking down and absorbing organic matter from their surroundings.

Explanation

Kwashiorkor is a condition caused by a deficiency of dietary protein, leading to an imbalance in the gastro-intestinal system. It is characterized by:

• Edema (swelling) in the legs, feet, and face
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Hair loss
• Skin lesions
• Impaired immune function