Explanation

Competition is the interaction between organisms of a community that occupy the same habitat and seek the same resources, such as food, water, light, and space.

This "cold war" leads to a struggle for existence, where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Explanation

The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems on Earth, encompassing everything from the tiniest microbe to the mightiest tree.

It's the zone of life on our planet, where all living things exist and interact.

The biosphere includes land, oceans, atmosphere, and even the depths of the Earth's crust.

Explanation

• An ecosystem is a specific area where living organisms (the community) interact with each other and their non-living environment (such as water, air, soil, sunlight, and temperature).
• It's a self-contained system where living and non-living components work together to create a functional unit.

Explanation

Suckers are shoots that arise from buds on the base of a parent plant, often at the soil line or just below.

They are a type of vegetative propagation, allowing the plant to produce new stems and roots.

Suckers can grow into new individuals, eventually forming a clump or colony.

Explanation

The cerebellum is responsible for:

• Coordinating movements
• Maintaining posture and balance
• Regulating muscle tone
• Learning new motor skills
• Precision and accuracy in movements

Explanation

• Selective reabsorption primarily occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
• To a lesser extent, in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), where essential nutrients, water, and ions are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

Explanation

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to maintain its body temperature within a suitable limit, despite changes in the external environment.

This is a crucial function that allows cells, tissues, and organs to function properly.

Explanation

Accommodation is the automatic process by which the eye adjusts its focus to form a sharper image of a near object.

This is achieved by changing the shape of the lens, making it more convex to increase its power and converge light rays more strongly.

Explanation

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a global research effort that successfully mapped the entire human genome, identifying all its genes and their sequences.

The project was completed in 2003.

It's findings have revolutionized our understanding of human biology, disease, and treatment.

Explanation

The frontal lobe, particularly the prefrontal cortex.

It is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as:

• Reasoning
• Problem-solving
• Decision-making
• Logical thinking
• Planning