Explanation

• Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms (biotic factors) and their environment (abiotic factors).
• Including other organisms and their physical surroundings.

Explanation

The Beaufort scale is used to measure and detail the consequences of different wind speeds on objects on land or at sea.

The Beaufort numbers in the Beaufort scale are arranged from 0 to 12 to represent the wind strength from calm (force 0) to the hurricane ( force 12).

ND17-7-2023

Explanation

• Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests to make the land available for other uses.
• Such as agriculture, urbanization, and logging.

Explanation

• Grasslands, also known as prairies or savannas, are areas with lower rainfall than forests, typically between 50-200 mm annually.
• This lower rainfall doesn't support the growth of trees, but instead favors grasses and other herbaceous plants.

Explanation

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from each other's presence.

Examples of mutualism include:

• The birds that ride on large buffalos and elephants
• Honeybees visit male and female flowers for nectar and pollen, and the flowers get pollinated.

Explanation

As a raindrop falls:

• Initially, it accelerates due to gravity.

• As its speed increases, air resistance (a drag force) also increases.

• Eventually, a point is reached where the upward air resistance equals the downward gravitational force.

• At this point, net force = 0, so acceleration stops, and the raindrop continues falling at a constant speed.

This constant speed is called terminal velocity.

Explanation

The main factor determining a region's climate is latitude.

The elements affecting the climate are

latitude, altitude and pressure and winds, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents, and relief features.

Latitude and altitude: The most important climatic control is latitude. Latitude affects the temperature of a place

SH3-8-2023

Explanation

Abiotic components refer to the non-living things in an environment, including:

• Physical elements: light, temperature, water, soil, air
• Chemical elements: minerals, nutrients, salts
• Geological elements: rocks, minerals, terrain

Explanation

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas from the atmosphere that plants absorb through their leaves.
• It use as a reactant in photosynthesis, combining it with water and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen.

Explanation

The food chain is the sequence of energy transfer from:

• Producers (plants, algae, phytoplankton) →
• Consumers (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores) →
• Decomposers (fungi, bacteria, insects)

This energy transfer is also known as the energy flow or trophic cascade.