Explanation

The theory that advocates the presence of general intelligence ('g') and specific intelligence ('s') is Spearman's two-factor theory.

Spearman's Two-Factor Theory: This theory, proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that intelligence consists of a:

• general factor ('g') that influences overall cognitive ability
• and specific factors ('s') that are unique to particular tasks or areas of knowledge.

Additional information:

Vernon's Hierarchical Theory: This theory is related to a hierarchical model of intelligence,

where general intelligence is at the top and is divided into broad and narrow abilities, but it doesn't focus specifically on 'g' and 's' in the same way as Spearman's theory.

Guildford's Theory of Intellect: This theory, also known as the Structure of Intellect (SI) model,

proposes a multifaceted approach to intelligence involving different dimensions and types of intellectual abilities, rather than focusing on 'g' and 's'.