Which one of the following causes the shortage of housing facilities in big cities?

Which one of the following causes the shortage of housing facilities in big cities?

مندرجہ ذیل میں سے کون سا بڑے شہروں میں رہائش کی سہولیات کی کمی کا سبب بنتا ہے؟
Explanation

The migration of people from rural to urban areas increases the demand for housing, often outstripping supply.

This rapid urbanization leads to overcrowding and a shortage of affordable housing in big cities.