Explanation

Capacitation is the physiological process that sperm must undergo to gain the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg.

This process occurs after the sperm enters the female reproductive tract

They involve a series of biochemical changes that enhance the sperm's motility, and its ability to bind to the egg.

It is distinct from spermiogenesis (the final stage of sperm development), the acrosome reaction (which occurs later during fertilization), and fertilization itself