Explanation

Passage

In order to establish photography as an art, members of the Aesthetic Movement modeled their work on classical paintings. As the movement gained in popularity, photographers made a clear distinction between the artistic photography that conformed to the aesthetic standard used for paintings and the work of more realistic photographers that was beginning to appear. Since they were cloudy because of the gum bichromate plate that allowed for manual intervention, the aesthetic prints were easily distinguished from the more modern prints, which came to be called straightforward photographs. In contrast, the straightforward photographers produced images that were sharp and clear. The philosophy that surrounded the new photography rejected manipulation of either the subject matter or the print. The subjects included nature in its undisturbed state and people in everyday situations.

A number of major exhibitions and the formation of photographic clubs during the late nineteenth century provided the impetus for the Photo-Secession Movement. Photo-Secession had as its proposition the promotion of straightforward photography through exhibits and publications. One of the publications, Camera Work, has been recognized among the most beautiful journals ever produced. By the 1920s, the mechanical precision that had once been rejected as a defect by members of the Aesthetic Movement had been become a hallmark of modern photography. Chiefly through the efforts of Stieglitz, modern photography had seceded from painting and emerged as a legitimate art form.

1. How can earlier photographs be distinguished from more modern photographs?

They were not as clear

2. The Photo-Secession Movement is described as including all of the following Except?

Manipulation of prints

3. The word Defect is closest in meaning to _____?

Imperfection