Explanation

Correct of the following:

1. Having been perpetuated for centuries, the systemic inequalities and discriminatory policies of the government, which have been institutionalized, are a form of structural violence that affects marginalized communities.

   
   

Correct Sentence

Having been perpetuated for centuries, the systemic inequalities and discriminatory policies of the government, which have been institutionalized, are a form of structural violence that affects marginalized communities.

Error 1:

Missing Comma After Introductory Phrase

So, place “COMMA” after the word “Centuries” to fix this error.

Error 2:

Misuse of Commas in a Non-Essential Clause

So, place “COMMAS” before the word “WHICH” and after the word “INSTITUTIONALIZED” to fix this error.

Error 3:

Subject-Verb Agreement in the Adjective Clause

So, change the verb “Has” into “Have” to fix this error.