Explanation

The Umayyad Caliphate was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Capitals: Damascus, Harran

Government: Monarchy

Military conflict: Battle of the Zab

The caliphate was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, also known as the Umayyads.

Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a member of the clan.