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Define ceramic and nano-ceramic materials. Why the nano-ceramics show better properties than their ceramic counterparts? Write the applications of ceramic materials

Define ceramic and nano-ceramic materials. Why the nano-ceramics show better properties than their ceramic counterparts? Write the applications of ceramic materials

Explanation

NOTE: The question has 4 parts each part of the question contains 5 marks


(part a) Define ceramic and nano-ceramic materials. Why the nano-ceramics show better properties than their ceramic counterparts? Write the applications of ceramic materials.

Ceramic Materials:
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials that are typically hard, brittle, and resistant to high temperatures and corrosion. T.

Nano-Ceramic Materials:
Nano-ceramics are ceramics that have been engineered at the nanoscale (less than 100 nanometers) to improve their properties

Why Nano-Ceramics Show Better Properties:
Nano-ceramics offer enhanced properties, including greater strength, hardness, and thermal conductivity

increased surface area, finer grain size, and fewer defects.

Applications of Ceramic Materials:

  1. Electronics: 
  2. Construction:
  3. Aerospace: 
  4. Medical: 
  5. Energy:

(part b)What is ‘Black Hole’? How black holes are formed and discovered? (5)

Black Hole:
A black hole is a region in space with a gravitational pull so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.

Formation and Discovery:
 They were first theorized by Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity a


(part c)Write two applications of each of the following electromagnetic radiations:

(i) Ultraviolet: 1. Sterilization: 2. Tanning: 

(ii) Infra-red: 1. Thermal Imaging: 2. Heating:

(iii) Microwaves: 1. Cooking: 2. Satellite Communication:

(iv) Radio waves 1. Broadcasting: 2. Wireless Communication:

(v) X-rays. 1. Medical Imaging: 2. Security:


(part d)What is Wildfire? Explain its types, causes, spread, and preventions. 

Wildfire:
A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that spreads rapidly across vegetation, often in forested areas, fueled by dry conditions, strong winds, and flammable materials.

Types of Wildfire:

  1. Ground Fires: 
  2. Surface Fires: 
  3. Crown Fires: 

Causes of Wildfire:
Wildfires are caused by natural factors like lightning and human activities such as unattended campfires, discarded cigarettes, or arson.

Wildfires spread 

Preventions of Wildfire: