Explanation
- René Descartes (1596–1650) coined the famous philosophical maxim "Cogito, ergo sum", which means "I think, therefore I am."
- It is a fundamental statement in his philosophy, emphasizing self-awareness as proof of existence.
Explanation
- Aestheticism was a 19th-century literary and artistic movement that emphasized beauty and form over moral or social themes.
- Writers like Oscar Wilde championed the idea of "Art for Art’s Sake," rejecting the notion that art must serve a moral or political purpose.
Explanation
- The quote reflects Satan’s defiance and unwillingness to submit to authority, showcasing his excessive pride.
- It highlights ambition as he prefers power in Hell over servitude in Heaven, a central theme in Paradise Lost.
Explanation
- Antithesis is a rhetorical device that contrasts two opposite ideas in a balanced structure.
- "To be, or not to be" presents a direct contrast between existence and non-existence, making it a clear example of antithesis.
Explanation
- Pastiche is a literary work that imitates the style of multiple writers or a specific author.
- It can be a tribute or parody, blending different influences into one composition.
Explanation
- The word "magazine" originally meant "storehouse" in Arabic ("makhzan").
- It later came to refer to a periodical publication containing various articles, stories, and illustrations.
Explanation
- Diachronism studies the historical development and changes in language over time.
- It contrasts with synchronism, which examines language at a specific point in time.
زمین کے ایک ایسے مقام پر ایک مبصر جہاں چاند کے سائے کا صرف پیومبرا خطہ ماضی میں چلے گا ، کیا _____ کا مشاہدہ ہوگا؟
Explanation
- The observer is within the penumbra region, where the moon only partially covers the sun.
- A partial solar eclipse occurs when only part of the Sun is obscured, not the whole.
Explanation
- "Each of them" refers to multiple individuals, so the correct pronoun should be "themselves" instead of "himself."
- The corrected sentence:
"He told his staff that each of them should be able to carry out the task themselves."
Explanation
- Lycidas (1637) by John Milton is an elegy, mourning the death of his friend Edward King.
- It follows the pastoral elegy tradition, blending grief with reflections on fate, religion, and poetry.