Explanation

• The strongest support for the theory that personality is heavily influenced by genetics is provided by strong personality similarity between "identical twins reared apart."
• This suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in shaping personality, as identical twins share nearly identical genetic makeup despite being raised in different environments.

Explanation

• According to Bandura’s social learning theory, Irving would be said to have "strong feelings of self-efficacy."
• Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to accomplish tasks and achieve goals.
• Since Irving is confident in his ability to do well in his psychology course, this reflects a high level of self-efficacy.

Explanation

Chomsky proposed that children learn a language because they possess an innate language acquisition device.

This device is a hypothetical mental structure that enables them to learn language rapidly and effectively, regardless of the specific language being learned.

Explanation

• The link between physical punishment and subsequent aggressive behavior is probably best explained by observational learning.
• Children may learn aggressive behavior by observing and imitating the aggressive actions of others, including adults who use physical punishment.

Explanation

Skinner maintained that reinforcement determines the acquisition of a response, while Bandura maintains that reinforcement determines the performance of a response.

Explanation

Bronfenbrenner's theory emphasizes both the micro dimensions (immediate environment) and macro dimensions (broader societal influences) of the environment in which a child lives.

Explanation

• ERQ stands for "Extended Response Question" in education.
• It refers to a type of question that requires students to provide a thorough and detailed response, often including explanations, examples, or analysis.

Explanation

The fourth step in decision-making is to select the best alternatives.

After evaluating the alternatives based on established criteria, the decision-maker chooses the option that best meets the objectives and requirements of the decision-making situation.

Explanation

A symbol indicating the performance of the student is typically referred to as a "Grade."

It represents the level of achievement or proficiency demonstrated by the student in a particular test, assignment, or course.

Explanation

Alternative response item can be any of the options mentioned:

• True/False
• Right/Wrong
• Correct/Incorrect

All of these are examples of alternative response items where the test-taker selects between two options to indicate their response to a statement or question.