Explanation

Assessing the burden of the disease on the population to prioritize research topics and have the potential to improve health outcomes at a population level.

including factors such as: 

• prevalence
• mortality
• morbidity
• societal impact

Explanation

To improve the health of nations through initiatives like "The Sustainable Development Goals" (SDGs) is HIMIS

HIMIS stands for Health Information Management Information System.

HIMIS contributes to the achievement of various health-related SDGs, such as:

• reducing maternal and child mortality,
• combating infectious diseases,
• promoting universal health coverage.

Additional information:

While

women's education, involvement of men in reproductive health (RH), and health system research are also important factors in improving health outcomes,

They are not as directly tied to the implementation and monitoring of health initiatives like HIMIS.

However, they may indirectly contribute to the achievement of health-related SDGs 

Explanation

Thrombocytes help form blood clots to stop bleeding and to help wounds heal.

It is a tiny, disc-shaped piece of cell that is found in the blood and spleen.

They are pieces of large cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes. 

Explanation

Life expectancy at birth is an important indicator of a country's overall health status.

It takes into account various factors, such as"

• access to healthcare
• quality of life
• disease burden.

Explanation

The correct term for heating milk to a high temperature for a short period to kill bacteria is indeed pasteurization.

This method, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO),

Helps ensure the safety of milk for consumption by reducing the microbial load while preserving its nutritional qualities.

Explanation

Coagulation often precedes rapid sand filtration to aggregate fine particles into larger clumps for easier removal during the filtration process.

However, if coagulation is not required due to the absence of significant turbidity

it may be skipped, making it the step that doesn't belong in the sequence.

Steps in the purification of water using a rapid sand filter

1. Coagulation

2. Rapid mixing

3. Flocculation

4. Sedimentation and THEN

5. Filtration: using the rapid sand filter

Explanation

Determinants of disease encompass rate ratios and proportions.

While rate ratios and proportions are important measures to understand the  distribution of diseases within populations

Determinants of disease also include factors:

• such as the agent (the cause of the disease)
• the host (the individual affected by the disease)
• the environment (the surrounding conditions where the disease occurs). 
  

Explanation

Malignant tumors of the larynx can spread through multiple pathways, including:

1. Lymphatic channel: The most common route of metastasis for laryngeal cancer is the lymphatic system.
2. Nerve: Perineural invasion can occur, although it is less common than lymphatic spread.
3. Blood: Hematogenous spread (through the bloodstream) can occur, leading to distant metastases.
4. Direct spread to distant structures: Laryngeal cancer can directly invade adjacent structures such as the thyroid, esophagus, and neck muscles
   

Explanation

It was raining heavily yesterday, so they did not go out.

کل موسلا دھار بارش ہو رہی تھی اس لیے وہ باہر نہیں نکلے۔

***

"did not go" effectively communicates that they remained indoors because of the rain.

Explanation

Shah Latif is called the "Saint of Bhit."

**

The preposition "of" is used here to indicate possession.

In this context, "of" signifies that Shah Latif is associated with Bhit in some significant way.