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Explanation

If $p$ is 50% greater than $q$, this means:

$$p = q + 0.5q = 1.5q$$

The ratio $p : q$ becomes:

$$$$p:q=1.5q:q=3:2p : q = 1.5q : q = 3 : 2

Explanation

Since the ratio of cats to dogs is 2:3, we can write:

Number of cats / Number of dogs = 2/3

We know there are 18 dogs, so:

Number of cats / 18 = 2/3

Cross-multiply:

Number of cats = (2/3) × 18

Simplify:

Number of cats = 2 × 6

Number of cats = 12

So, there are 12 cats.