Since ln(x + 3) ≥ 0, we have:
x + 3 ≥ 1 (since ln(u) ≥ 0 when u ≥ 1)
x ≥ -2
The degree of a vertex in a graph is the count of edges connected to it.
It represents the number of direct connections the vertex has.
The velocity potential (φ) of an incompressible fluid satisfies Laplace's equation:
∇²φ = 0
This equation represents the conservation of mass for an incompressible fluid.
r(cosθ + isinθ)
This is the polar form of a complex number.
where r is the magnitude (or modulus).
θ is the argument (or angle).
Commutative Law: In an Abelian group, for all elements aa and bb in the group, the operation satisfies a⋅b=b⋅aa⋅b=b⋅a.
Named after Niels Henrik Abel: The term "Abelian" is derived from the name of the mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.