Explanation

• If a reaction rate does not change with concentration, then it is Zero order.
• In zero-order reactions, the rate is constant and independent of the concentration of the reactants.
• It means that changes in concentration do not affect the reaction rate.

Explanation

 Propanoyl chloride is an acid chloride, which is a type of acid halide.

Acid halides are characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a halogen atom (like chlorine).

The general formula for an acid halide is RCO-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen. 

Explanation

The type of nerve impulse in a non-myelinated neuron is continuous. 

In unmyelinated neurons, the action potential travels along the entire axon membrane, requiring continuous depolarization and repolarization.

Whereas in myelinated neurons, the action potential "jumps" from node to node (saltatory conduction), which is much faster. 

Explanation

An enzyme without its cofactor is called an apoenzyme.

Apoenzymes are the inactive protein component of an enzyme, requiring a cofactor to become catalytically active and form a holoenzyme. 

Explanation

According to Graham’s Law of Diffusion, gases with lower molar mass diffuse faster.

Molar masses:

- H₂ = 2 g/mol (lowest)

- He = 4 g/mol  

- N₂ = 28 g/mol  

- CO₂ = 44 g/mol  

Since H₂ has the smallest molar mass, it will diffuse the fastest and thus escape in the least time. 

Explanation

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in the human body.

It plays a crucial role in long-term immunity by recognizing and neutralizing pathogens.

IgG antibodies are produced after exposure to an antigen, such as a vaccine.

They persist in the bloodstream for an extended period, allowing the body to respond to subsequent infections with the same pathogen quickly.

IgG can also cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to newborns. 

Explanation

We are given:

• A 30 cm long string
• One end is clamped (fixed), and the other is free to move transversely
• It is vibrating in its second harmonic

We are to find the wavelength of the constituent traveling waves

The allowed standing wave lengths are: L=(n−1/2​) λ​/2 ,for n=1,2,3,…

So:

• 1st harmonic (n = 1):

  L=λ​/4⇒ λ=4L=120cm

• 2nd harmonic (n = 2):

  L= 3λ/4​ ⇒ λ=4L/3​ =4×30/3 =40cm

Explanation

If one mole of gaseous hydrogen is mixed with one mole of gaseous iodine in an empty container, then with time, the forward reaction decreases

Because as the reaction proceeds, the concentration of hydrogen and iodine decreases, leading to a slower rate of forward reaction, while the reverse reaction starts to increase until equilibrium is reached. 

Explanation

If two metallic conductors have the same resistivity, they can be differentiated based on their temperature coefficient. 

The temperature coefficient of resistivity indicates how much the resistivity of a material changes with a temperature change.

Materials with the same resistivity can have different temperature coefficients, meaning their resistance will change differently as temperature changes. 

Explanation

Bacillus refers to rod-shaped bacteria.

Coccus are spherical.

Spirillum are spiral-shaped.