Explanation

In a reverse-biased PN junction, the reverse current is typically very small, usually in the range of microamperes (μA).

This current is primarily due to minority charge carriers.

Explanation

 Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts are organelles found in eukaryotic cells, specifically plant cells, and are responsible for photosynthesis.

Prokaryotic cells, while simpler in structure, do possess other components such as"

• Ribosomes (for protein synthesis)
• A cell wall (for structural support)
• DNA (although not contained within a nucleus) 

Explanation

A moving charged particle is surrounded by both an electric field and a magnetic field.

The electric field is due to the charge itself, and the magnetic field is generated due to the particle's motion.

Explanation

The velocity of an electron is maximum in 1st shell

because according to Bohr's model

So we have velocity of electron = 2.188 ×10^6 m/s.

By calculation, we gained velocity= 1.094×10^6 m/s.

So it is determined that the velocity is decreased as we move from lower to higher shell

Explanation

Melting ice below 0°C by applying pressure is a spontaneous physical change. 

Physical change:

This is correct because the process only changes the state of water from solid to liquid, without altering its chemical composition. 

Spontaneous:

• Under the applied pressure, the ice will naturally melt even below 0°C.
• A spontaneous process occurs without any external energy input. 

Explanation

 A buffer is a solution that resists change in its pH. 

A buffer solution is composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid).

When a small amount of a strong acid or base is added to a buffer,

The added ions react with the components of the buffer to maintain a relatively constant pH. 

Explanation

Kirchhoff's Voltage Rule (KVL) states that the sum of potential differences (voltages) in a closed loop is zero.

This is based on the conservation of energy, as energy gained equals energy lost in a loop.

Explanation

The increase in the rate of reaction due to an increase in temperature is due to two main factors:

• Increased energy: As temperature increases, the particles gain kinetic energy, allowing them to move faster and collide more frequently.
• Successful collisions: The increased energy also leads to a greater likelihood of successful collisions, where the particles have sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier and react.

Explanation

The liver performs a relevant FUNCTION in retaining blood glucose levels.

Following intake of food, extra glucose may be saved in the liver as glycogen .

This is inspired by insulin release.

Explanation

If the activation energy is increased, the rate of reaction decreases. 

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to overcome the energy barrier and proceed to form products.

A higher activation energy means that fewer molecules have the necessary energy to react, resulting in a slower reaction rate.

Conversely, a lower activation energy means more molecules can overcome the barrier and react faster.