Explanation

• A Neutralization reaction is a specific type of reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water only, with no other products.
• This reaction is characterized by the elimination of acidic and basic properties, resulting in a neutral solution.
• Example: HCl (acid) + NaOH (base) → NaCl (salt) + H2O (water)

Explanation

The stratosphere is the second layer of Earth's atmosphere as you go upwards, lying above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.

The layers of the Earth's atmosphere, in order from the surface, are:

1. Troposphere (up to about 12 km/7.5 miles)
2. Stratosphere (up to about 50 km/31 miles)
3. Mesosphere (up to about 85 km/53 miles)
4. Thermosphere (up to about 600 km/373 miles)

Explanation

Polio is also known as poliomyelitis.

It is a disease caused by the poliovirus.

The virus is usually spread through the fecal-oral route, which includes through contaminated water and food.

Explanation

Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases.

As you go higher, the air pressure decreases because there are fewer air molecules above you, exerting less pressure.

This is why aircraft pilots must adjust their altimeters to account for changes in air pressure as they ascend or descend.

Explanation

Ozone (O3) is a gas found in the stratosphere.

A stratosphere layer of the atmosphere that extends from about 12 to 50 kilometers (7.5 to 31 miles) above the Earth's surface.

The ozone layer, also known as the ozonosphere.

Explanation

• Only about 2.5% (3%) of the water on Earth is freshwater, which is vital for human consumption, agriculture, and ecosystem health.
• The remaining 97.5% (97%) is saltwater, found in oceans, seas, and salt lakes.

Explanation

Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar.

It is a liquid made by fermenting the natural sugars found in fruits, grains, and other food sources.

Vinegar is typically made from apples, grapes, or other fruits, and it contains approximately 4-6% acetic acid by volume.

Explanation

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the primary molecule that encodes genetic information in cells.

It is a long, double-stranded helix made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of genetic information.

Explanation

• Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
• They are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• It may also contain other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Explanation

The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction:

N2 + O2 ⇌ 2NO is unitless (No unit).

Since the number of moles of gas is the same on both the reactant and product sides (2 moles).

The concentration terms in the equilibrium constant expression cancel out, leaving Kc without units.