Explanation

Line authority gives the principal the right to direct and control the work of teachers and make decisions independently.

It establishes a clear chain of command within the school organization.

Explanation

Reliability refers to the consistency of test results — if repeated trials yield the same effect or outcome, the test is considered reliable.

It ensures that the measurement tool produces stable and consistent results over time.

Explanation

Bernoulli's principle states that in a flowing fluid, an increase in the fluid's speed occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or potential energy

Explanation

Communication channels refer to the methods through which information is transmitted and received.

The types of communication channels typically include:

• speaking (verbal communication),
• listening (receiving and interpreting spoken information),
• reading (interpreting written text),
• writing (creating written text).

"Thinking" is not a communication channel but rather an internal cognitive process. 

Explanation

Definition: Negative reinforcement is a behavioral concept where a behavior is strengthened or encouraged by removing an unpleasant or aversive stimulus.

How It Works: An aversive stimulus is removed or avoided following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future.

Example: If a student studies hard to avoid getting a low grade, the removal of the threat of a failing grade reinforces their studying behavior.

Purpose: The goal of negative reinforcement is to increase the frequency of a behavior by eliminating something undesirable when the behavior occurs.

Explanation

Stimulants (like methylphenidate) are commonly prescribed to manage hyperactivity and improve focus in students with ADHD.

They help increase attention and reduce impulsive behavior.

Explanation

Simulations let students experience and engage with a subject actively.

This helps them understand concepts from the inside, not just theoretically.

Explanation

Psychology originated from philosophy and the study of physiology (the function of the body and brain).

Understanding the nervous system helped develop psychological theories.

Explanation

In organizational/educational contexts, "interference" refers to unfair practices like:

Nepotism: Favoritism shown to relatives/friends (e.g., hiring/promoting based on personal connections rather than merit).

Explanation

The effectiveness of the curriculum greatly depends on the interest and involvement of teachers, as they implement and deliver it.

Motivated teachers make content more engaging and impactful for learners.