Explanation

Gamma-rays have the highest penetrating power, making them suitable for treating tumors that are deep inside the body.

Gamma-rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than X-rays, and they can travel several centimeters into tissue before being absorbed.

Explanation

Near Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately 10 meters per second squared (10 ms^-2).

This is a fundamental constant that describes the strength of gravity on our planet.

Explanation

The gravitational field of Earth is a vector field that points towards the center of the Earth.

It representing the direction of the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on objects near its surface.

This means that the gravitational field is directed towards the Earth, pulling objects towards its center.

Explanation

The motion of a falling ball towards Earth is due to the gravitational force.

Gravitational force is the force that attracts the ball towards the Earth, causing it to accelerate downwards.

Explanation

A microwave oven heats food by using electromagnetic radiation at a specific frequency

That resonates with the water molecules in the food, causing them to vibrate and generate heat.

This process of energy transfer due to matching frequencies is called resonance. 

Explanation

The negative gradient of electric potential is called Electric field intensity. 

Gradient:

In general, a gradient represents the rate of change of a function for a given variable.

In the context of electric fields, the gradient of electric potential indicates how quickly the potential changes as you move in a particular direction. 

Negative gradient:

The "negative" part signifies that the electric field points in the direction of decreasing potential. 

Explanation

Explanation

The number of loops in stationary waves depends on the wavelength of the waves. 

A longer wavelength means fewer loops fit within a given length, and vice versa, so the number of loops is directly related to the wavelength. 

Explanation

Rectangular components of a vector are its projections along perpendicular axes (typically x and y).

Therefore, the angle between them is always 90 degrees, i.e., they are mutually perpendicular.

Explanation

Silicon is the most widely used material in semiconductor devices due to its:

• Abundance in nature

• Suitable electrical properties

• Excellent thermal stability

• Formation of a stable oxide layer (SiO₂), which is useful in device fabrication

While germanium was used in early semiconductors and gallium nitride is used in high-power or high-frequency applications, silicon remains the industry standard.