Explanation

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

There are 20 different amino acids that the human body uses to build proteins.

They are essential for various cellular processes, including structure, function, and regulation.

Explanation

Glucose (C6H12O6) is a type of carbohydrate, specifically a simple sugar or monosaccharide.

It is a vital source of energy for many living organisms, including humans.

Glucose is a primary component of many carbohydrates, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

Explanation

Green chemistry aims to:

1. Prevent waste creation
2. Maximize atom economy
3. Design safer, less hazardous chemicals and processes

These are all part of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry outlined by Paul Anastas and John Warner.

Explanation

Inner transition elements are the elements located in the f-block of the periodic table.

These elements are divided into two series: lanthanides and actinides

Therefore, both lanthanides and actinides are considered inner transition elements. 

Explanation

Sodium carbonate is also known as washing soda.

It is commonly used to remove permanent hardness from water.

It reacts with calcium and magnesium ions, which are the causes of permanent hardness, to form precipitates that can be removed from the water.

Explanation

The bottom of the stratosphere is around 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above the ground at middle latitudes.

The top of the stratosphere occurs at an altitude of 50 km (31 miles).

Explanation

Amphoteric substances are those that can react with both acids and bases.

They can donate or accept protons (H+ ions), depending on the conditions.

Examples of amphoteric substances include water (H2O), amino acids, and certain metals like zinc and aluminum.

Explanation

A 10% (w/w) sugar solution means that 10 grams of sugar (the solute) is dissolved in 90 grams of water (the solvent), making a total of 100 grams of solution.

The percentage is calculated as:

(10 g sugar / 100 g total) × 100% = 10% (w/w)

So, 10 grams of sugar is dissolved in 90 grams of water.

Explanation

• A substance is a piece of matter in pure form, with a specific composition and properties.
• It can be either an element or a compound.

Explanation

A diatomic molecule is a molecule composed of two atoms, either of the same element (homogeneous) or different elements (heterogeneous).

Examples of diatomic molecules include:

• Hydrogen (H2)
• Oxygen (O2)
• Nitrogen (N2)