Explanation

• Hydraulics is a branch of science and engineering that focuses on the use of liquids to transmit power, generate motion, and control systems.
• It is widely used in various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and aerospace.

Explanation

In decolorization, particularly in purifying substances like sugar or organic compounds, animal charcoal (also known as bone char) is often used for its adsorptive properties.

The boiling of animal charcoal with hot water serves several purposes:

• Activation
• Removal of Soluble Impurities
• Enhancing Adsorption

The general steps involved in the decolorization process with animal charcoal include:

• Preparation
  
• Mixing
• Adsorption
• Filtration
• Recovery

Explanation

Epistemology is the study of knowledge.

It is the branch of philosophy 

It deals with the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge.

The term 'epistemology' was conied by the James Fredrick Ferrier

It comes from the Greek word "episteme' (knowledge) and 'logos' (theory)

Explanation

If Xylem is removed from a plant, the plant will not be able to transport water to leaves, 

hindering various processes like photosynthesis, transpiration, growth, etc.

The plant will initially wilt and then ultimately die.

The basic function of xylem is to transport water from roots to stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients.

Explanation

Unstable angina is treated with antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel, along with other interventions like nitrates or heparin.

Explanation

For a rigid body that rotates about a fixed axis, the angle swept out by a line passing through any point on the body and intersecting the axis of rotation perpendicularly is called angular displacement.

Explanation

A reflex action does not typically involve the brain;

it is usually mediated by the spinal cord, along with sensory and motor neurons.

Explanation

In 1935, the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was crystallized by Wendell Meredith Stanley.

Stanley's work on TMV contributed significantly to the understanding of viruses

He earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946

Explanation

The minimum angle of resolution (θ) for a lens of diameter (D) and light of wavelength (λ) passing through it can be expressed as:

𝜃= 1.22 𝜆 / 𝐷​

Where:

𝜆 is the wavelength of light

𝐷 is the diameter of the lens

The resolution power (R) is defined as the reciprocal of the angle of resolution:

𝑅 = 1 / 𝜃

Substituting the expression for 𝜃 into the equation for resolution power (R):

𝑅 = 1 / 1.22  𝜆 / 𝐷

Simplifying this expression:

𝑅 = 𝐷 / 1.22 𝜆 

So, the formula for the relation between resolution power (R) and the diameter of the lens (D) is:

𝑅 = 𝐷 / 1.22 𝜆

Explanation

Basic lead chromate is formed when lead chromate (PbCrO4) is boiled with dilute alkali hydroxide.

Here's the reaction:

PbCrO4 +OH- → PbO⋅PbCrO4 +H2O

In this process, the lead chromate reacts with the dilute alkali hydroxide to form basic lead chromate.

The alkali hydroxide used is typically a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH).