Explanation

Mian Nawaz Sharif's first government (1990–1993) ended when President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed him under Article 58(2)(b) of the Constitution.

Although the Supreme Court reinstated Nawaz Sharif, he eventually resigned after pressure during a power struggle with the president.

Explanation

The Sharif Report (March 1939) was prepared by Mr. Sharif and his team to investigate injustices against Muslims under Hindu-dominated Congress rule.

It focused mainly on the ill-treatment of Muslims in Bihar, documenting discrimination and oppression by the provincial government.

Explanation

Lord Linlithgow (Viceroy of India, 1936–1944) had severely strained relations with Indian leaders during World War II due to:

Unilateral Declaration: He announced India’s entry into WWII (1939) without consulting Indian political parties, angering the Congress and Gandhi.

Quit India Movement (1942): His harsh crackdown on protests (mass arrests, violence) worsened tensions.

Failed Negotiations: Rejected demands for post-war independence, leading to the 1942 Cripps Mission’s collapse.

Explanation

Lowland plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's crust, including river valleys and coastal areas.

These regions are fertile and densely populated, supporting agriculture and human settlements.

Explanation

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Muslim leader to use the term "nation" for Indian Muslims, emphasizing their distinct cultural, religious, and social identity.

He advocated for the political and social unity of Muslims, laying the foundation for the idea of a separate Muslim nation, which later influenced the creation of Pakistan.

Explanation

Indian National Congress was founded on 28 December 1885 

It was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay 

Its Headquarters is located in New Delhi

Explanation

The earliest coins in the subcontinent, known as punch-marked coins, were primarily made of silver.

These coins date back to around the 6th century BCE during ancient Indian kingdoms.

Explanation

During World War I, the Ottoman Caliphate allied with the Central Powers, including Germany and Austria-Hungary.

This alliance led to the eventual defeat and disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.

Explanation

Sir Syed is considered as the first person to theorize the idea of separate nationhood for Muslims in subcontinent.

In a speech at Meerut in 1866 he presented on overall scenario of post colonial phase in

which he described Muslims and Hindus as two nations

Syed Ahmad Khan who presented the theory of the two nations 

He presented this theory In a speech at Meerut in 1866 

The two-nation theory is the basis of the creation of Pakistan.

The theory advocated by the All India Muslim League is the founding principle of the Pakistan Movement.

The state of India officially rejected the two-nation theory

Explanation

Gandhara was ruled by the Achaemenid Empire (Iranians) during 522–486 BCE, under Darius I.

They included Gandhara as a satrapy (province) in their vast empire.